The advancement of research in the biotechnological area presents solutions for society in different domains and aims to enhance health processes so that they become safer and more efficient. However, there is a lack of information on developing countries' intellectual property concerning the scope of biotechnological health. This study aims to present an analysis of the patents filed in Brazil on biotechnology applied to health that contribute to the prevention and control of infectious diseases. As a complement, the depositor's qualitative profile and the criteria for using the patents deposited to avoid risks of diseases were identified. The research is classified as exploratory and documentary, using a database of patents to provide an overview of the biotechnology area in Brazil. Patents filed to prevent, and control infections accounted for 46% of the sample. The depositor profile with the highest participation were universities, with 38%. The main filers of patents for use in health infections were: 29% from the Federal University of Minas Gerais, 16% from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, and 14% from the University of São Paulo. Patents for the use of infections focus on developing prevention and vaccine alternatives, which can be consolidated in public and private sector partnerships.